# WIP Training Sweden

# Training Sweden

# Swedish Mentor Policy

## Purpose

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">This page defines the minimum requirements for becoming an ATC mentor in Sweden, as well as the considerations taken when approving new candidates. </span>

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">The policies stated here shall be interpreted as complementary to those outlined in the </span>[Training Policy for Mentors](https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/books/training-documents/page/training-policy-for-mentors).

## 1. Prerequisites &amp; Evaluation

### Minimum Requirements

All mentor applicants shall meet the following requirements:

- Hold a permanent VATSIM Controller rating of S2 or higher.
- Have logged at least one session on a Tower (TWR) position during an official event.
- Have logged at least one session on a Ground (GND) position during an official event.

### How We Evaluate Your Application

Before accepting a new mentor, the Training Lead (or a designated team member) will consult with peer controllers regarding the applicant's perceived knowledge, attitude, and operational performance. Additionally, the Training Staff will observe the applicant's controlling skills during high-traffic scenarios, such as events.

If an applicant is deemed not yet ready for a mentor role, they are encouraged to continue practicing and gaining experience during official events. The applicant may re-apply for the position after actively controlling in at least two subsequent events.

## 2. Onboarding Process

### Application

Eligible controllers who wish to become mentors must submit a formal application to the Training Lead via email or Discord Direct Message. The application should include the candidate's VATSIM CID, a summary of their ATC experience, and their motivation for joining the training team. Upon receipt, the Training Staff will initiate the evaluation and peer consultation process.

### Practical Training

Once the application is accepted, the candidate will undergo at least two training sessions, where they will instruct a student under the supervision of an established mentor. The supervising mentor will provide feedback on instructional techniques and advise the Training Lead once the applicant is deemed ready to mentor independently.

## 3. Operational Rules &amp; Maintenance

### Requirements &amp; Limitations

Once designated, mentors are expected to take on at least one S1 student within the specified timeframe. If you find it difficult to meet this requirement, please let us know; otherwise, the mentor role may be removed to keep our mentor lists updated. Normally, you will mentor ratings below your own, but if you wish to mentor on your own rating, please discuss this with the Training Lead.

### Mentor Diagnostic Test

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">New mentors, as well as those returning to activity after an extended period of absence, are encouraged to take a diagnostic test to assess what areas they may need to review before beginning or resuming their duties. </span>

<p class="callout info">The score received does not affect the mentor's eligibility to instruct students; instead, it serves strictly as a self-assessment tool.</p>

# Training Courses

<h2>Introduction</h2>
<p1>Welcome to Air Traffic Control training at VATSIM Scandinavia in Sweden. This introduction contain general information about the training and what you could expect. 
<h3>ATC Ratings</h3>
<a href="https://vatsim.net/docs/policy/global-controller-administration-policy">VATSIM Global Controller Administration Policy</a> (<b>GCAP</b>) define four fundamental levels of controller certifications (<b>Ratings</b>) which are used in Sweden: </p1><ol><li>Developing Controller (<b>S1</b>)</li> <li>Aerodrome Controller (<b>S2</b>)</li><li>Terminal Controller (<b>S3</b>)</li><li>Enroute Controller (<b>C1</b>)</ol>

<h3>Designated positions</h3>
<h4>Tier 1</h4>
At some positions designated <b>Tier 1</b> air traffic controllers need to be able to handle high traffic levels and use complex procedures. In order to provide ATC at Tier 1 designated positions controllers are required to have develop elevated level of competency through additional training as indicated by a <b>Tier 1 Endorsement</b>.<br><br>
<h4>Tier 2</h4>
Some groups of positions have significantly different atypical standard operating procedures and are designated <b>Tier 2</b>.
In order to provide ATC at these positions controllers need to be familiar with the special operating procedures. After completing further training focused on the special procedures the controller is granted a <b>Tier 2 Endorsement</b> for that particular group of positions.<br><br>
<h4>Sweden Tier 1 and Tier 2 Endorsements</h4>
In Sweden the following Tier 1 and Tier 2 endorsement have been established:
<ul>
<li><b>T1 ESSA TWR</b> and <b>T1 ESSA APP</b>
<br><i>Stockholm Arlanda is the most busy airport in Sweden and has intricate Local Operating Procedures and require well developed ATC skills due to high traffic levels.</i></li>
<li><b>T2 AFIS</b>
<br><i>Aerodrome Flight Information Service at small regional airports</i></li>
<li><b>T2 APS</b>
<br><i>At regional airports it is common that the tower controller also provide ATC for flights in the Terminal Control Area above the aerodrome.</i></li>  
<li><b>T2 MIL</b>
<br><i>Tower and Approach positions at military aerodromes have special military procedures.</i></li>
  </ul>


<h4>Positions and Endorsements</h4>
There are <a href="https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/books/lop">Local Operating Procedures</a> (<b>LOP</b>) for all positions in Sweden. The specific endorsement requirements for each position is stated in the corresponding LOP.
There is also a <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1-qhLR7gB8d4D6pVx7RDOzrxuVdwcPeaPV7PZAPMz7-M/edit?gid=1037842543#gid=1037842543">Designated Positions Overview</a> listing all endorsements globally.

  
<h3>
Hierarchy
</h3>
On VATSIM ATC positions provide top-down coverage. If for example a TWR position is online but no GND or DEL below, TWR take on the duties of the GND and DEL positions as well. Consequently, ATC training needs to be performed in a certain the order, see the picture below.

[![SE_levels.png](https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2024-02/scaled-1680-/8aCse-levels.png)](https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2024-02/8aCse-levels.png)

The ATC training in Sweden start at the Developing Controller (<b>S1</b>) rating level.
The S1 rating is a certificate to control at Landvetter Ground and Clearance Delivery and Bromma Ground.<br><br>
The next rating level is Aedrodrome Controller (<b>S2</b>). The S2 rating allow control at aerodrome positions (TWR, GND, DEL) at unrestricted airports. <br><br>
After having reached the S2 rating there are 4 different options:
<ul>
<li>T1 ESSA TWR Endorsement</li>
<li>T2 AFIS Endorsement</li>  
<li>T2 APS Regional Tower Endorsement</li>
<li>S3 rating</li>  
</ul>
This allow flexibility depending on your own interest and ambitions.  T1 ESSA TWR endorsement give possibility to experience controlling at a busy airport often together with several other aerdrome controllers. T2 AFIS and T2 APS endorsement allow control at all civil regional airports in Sweden. In addition, T2 MIL Endorsement allow control at all military airports in Sweden. Please, note that T2 APS endorsement or S3 rating is needed before starting training for T2 MIL Endorsement.<br><br>
It is possible to train for the S3 rating level without any additional endorsements. The theory is the same for the S3 rating and T2 APS endorsement courses. The S3 rating course include more advanced ATC separation concepts and skill training to handle larger amounts of traffic. Thus, when recieving the S3 rating it also include T2 APS Endorsement. 
<br><br>
The T1 ESSA APP endorsement allow control at Stockholm Approach positions. 
T1 ESSA TWR, T2 AFIS, S3 rating and T2 MIL are required before starting T1 ESSA APP training.
<br><br>
C1 is the highest rating related to ATC positions. T1 ESSA APP endorsement is required before starting C1 training.
<h2>
  ATC Training
</h2><p>During the ATC training for a certain rating you study and practice different ATC concepts and general operating procedures (<b>GOP</b>) that assure safe and expedious control of air traffic. Furthermore, training for different endorsements focus on specific operational procedures related to an airport, group of airports or positions. <br><br>More details for each training course is documented in the corresponding Training Programs.</p>
<p>If you have any further questions related to ATC training at VATSIM Scandinavia in Sweden you are welcome to contact us at: <br><br>
<b>training-sweden@vatsim-scandinavia.org</b>

# S1 Rating (OLD)

<h2>1. Introduction</h2>
<h3>Context</h3>
<p data-path-to-node="14">The S1 rating introduces you to the core principles of aerodrome control services in Sweden. Operating as a Developing Controller, you will learn to manage the ground environment before aircraft take to the skies.</p>
<p data-path-to-node="15">This phase of your training covers <strong data-path-to-node="15" data-index-in-node="35">Clearance Delivery (DEL)</strong>, where you will verify and correct flight plans while issuing IFR departure clearances, and <strong data-path-to-node="15" data-index-in-node="152">Ground (GND)</strong>, where you will manage pushback and start-up approvals. As a Ground controller, your primary responsibility is ensuring safe aircraft separation on the taxiways during both departure taxi-out and arrival taxi-in.</p>
<h2>2. Entrance Qualifications</h2>
<p>There are no other entrance qualifications to get accepted for S1 training other than:</p>
<ul>
<li>VATSIM, VATEUD and VATSIM Scandinavia membership</li>
<li>Registered a Training Request in the VATSIM Scandinavia Training system, Control Center (CC)</li>
</ul>
<h2>3. Preparations</h2>
<p>To give yourself the best possible chance of successfully completing your S1 training, we highly encourage you to complete the following practical preparations as a pilot:</p>
<ul>
<li class="null">Conduct a few VFR flights at a controlled aerodrome in Sweden to familiarise yourself with visual flight rules and local traffic circuits.</li>
<li class="null">Fly a few IFR routes from G&ouml;teborg Landvetter (ESGG), Stockholm Arlanda (ESSA), as well as various Swedish regional airports to experience both major hub and regional ATC operations.</li>
<li class="null">Fly to Stockholm Arlanda during a large Swedish event</li>
</ul>
<p>Unless you are a real-world air traffic controller or pilot, it is strongly recommended to have logged at least a few flights on VATSIM with active ATC to gain an understanding of the environment. It is equally important to understand how pilots experience their interactions with air traffic control.<br></p>
<h2>4. Theory</h2>
<p>The S1 theory course in Sweden covers the following subjects:</p>
<ul>
<li>VATSIM Structure</li>
<li>VATSIM Scandinavia</li>
<li>VATSIM Code of Conduct</li>
<li>Documentation
<ul>
<li>GOP &amp; LOP</li>
<li>Official Phraseology Documents</li>
<li>AIP</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Software usage &amp; installation
<ul>
<li>EuroScope</li>
<li>TrackAudio</li>
<li>vATIS</li>
<li>vacs</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Fundamental ATC concepts
<ul>
<li>ICAO Codes</li>
<li>Phonetic Alphabet</li>
<li>IFR &amp; VFR</li>
<li>SIDs &amp; STARs</li>
<li>Approach Types</li>
<li>ATC Positions</li>
<li>The Aerodrome</li>
<li>The Flight Plan</li>
<li>Radars &amp; Transponders</li>
<li>Selecting Runway in Use<br></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Controller Coordination
<ul>
<li>Methods and Content</li>
<li>Verbal Coordination</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Basic Radiotelephony
<ul>
<li>Clearances, Instructions &amp; Approvals</li>
<li>Departure Clearance</li>
<li>Pushback Approval</li>
<li>Taxi Instructions</li>
<li>Contact Instructions</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Basic Meteorology</li>
<li>Special Scenarios
<ul>
<li>Low Visibility Procedures</li>
<li>VFR Departures</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management</li>
</ul>
<p class="callout warning">F&Auml;RDI</p>
<h2>5. ATC skills</h2>
<p>Air traffic control is based on a number of practical skills. During the training course you are expected to learn the following skills:</p>
<ul>
<li>Use standard phraseology: phonetic alphabet, aircraft callsigns, read out ICAO airport location indicators</li>
<li>Make preparations before opening or closing an ATC position</li>
<li>Get current weather information at ESGG and ESSB</li>
<li>Determine runway in use</li>
<li>Connect to VATSIM as Observer or active ATC with correct settings: position, facility, rating, radar range, VATSIM ID, password and own name</li>
<li>Configure and connect AudioForVATSIM</li>
<li>vATIS input surface condition code information in ARPT COND field if applicable, select runway and ATIS letter and connect to VATSIM</li>
<li>Apply Clearance Delivery procedures
<ul>
<li>Standard SID: jet and propeller aircrafts</li>
<li>Unable RNAV SID instruction</li>
<li>Aircraft that need vectors after departure</li>
</ul>
</li>
<ul>
<li>Verify and correct flightplans</li>
<li>Assign squawk code and SID</li>
<li>Set cleared flight level</li>
<li>Enter information in OP-TEXT field</li>
<li>Coordinate special IFR departures with Tower and Approach controllers</li>
<li>Coordinate intersection departures with Tower</li>
<li>Read IFR departure clearances using standard phraseology</li>
<li>Make sure pilot has current weather information</li>
<li>Provide VFR flights with information about runway for departure, wind and QNH</li>
</ul>
<li>Ground procedures</li>
<ul>
<li>Approve pushback and start-up</li>
<li>Provide traffic information for aircraft on apron</li>
<li>Give taxi out and taxi in instructions using standard phraseology</li>
<li>Keep aircraft separated on taxiways</li>
</ul>
<li>Set appropriate ground state: on frequency, start-up, start-up and pushback, taxi (out/in) and parked.</li>
<li>Transfer departing aircraft to Tower (or other position above if tower is not online)</li>
<li>Keep situational awareness by contineously scanning the area of responsibility</li>
<li>Apply general and local operating procedures correctly</li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>6. Practical Training</h2>
<p>Simulation exercises are fundamental in order to gain sufficient proficiency as an air traffic controller.</p>
<h3>Own Simulation Training</h3>
<p>The training course contain 4 own simulation exercises that you do locally by yourself. The objective is to practice basic system inputs, use standard phraseology and be able to follow the normal flow of traffic at the airport.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h3>Group Training with Mentor</h3>
<p>The training course also contain at least two session together with a mentor. First one simulation exercise at ESGG is done together with 1 or 2 other students and a mentor. This is an opportunity to ask questions, discuss and learn from other students when acting as simulator pilot or observing. Please, note that it is also a first check that you have acquired sufficient proficiency during the own simulation training making system input to EuroScope and practice using correct standard phraseology.</p>
<p>If you need more practice you will get specific feedback and will be given a new opportunity later to do another simulation session at ESGG.</p>
<p>During the final session online at G&ouml;teborg Landvetter Ground and Clearance Delivery you are introduced to the practical aspects of controlling live on VATSIM traffic together with other air traffic controllers.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>7. Timelines</h2>
<p>The S1 rating training is a serious training course. This means that you need to be able to spend considerable time reading and learning theory, downloading and configuring dedicated software and work with a strong determination to acquire the necessary practical skills in order to succeed. When you agree on starting the training course we expect that you are able to spend time on self-study and stay focussed. <br><br>The following timelines apply:</p>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><strong>Training Stage</strong></th>
<th><strong>Completed within</strong></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Read theory material and performing theory test</td>
<td>2 weeks</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Simulation exercises with mentor</td>
<td>2 weeks</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>VATEUD Core test</td>
<td>1 week</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Online training</td>
<td>2 weeks</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>If you are unable to meet these deadlines your training request will be closed without any prior notice. If you would like to apply again later it is possible after a cooling off period of 6 months.</p>
<h2>8. Examination</h2>
<p>During the training course both your theoretical knowledge and practical skills are examined. In order to pass the training course at least 80% of the questions in the Theory Test should be answered correctly. If you fail the first time you will get a second chance within 3 days. More than 2 attempts might be allowed after a cooling off time. Furthermore, the VATEUD Core test should be completed and passed.</p>
<p>During the training course you will get the chance to enhance your practical skills in own simulations exercises. The simulation exercise(s) with a mentor is an opportunity to ask questions, however, it is also an assessment of your basic skills using for example standard phraseology and managing the ATC software according to local operating procedures.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>

# S2 Rating (OLD)

## 1. Introduction

### Context

The tower controller is responsible for the airspace in the close vicinity of the airport, and ensures that aircraft on the runway and in the airspace are sufficiently separated to avoid any risk collision. Tower controllers receive arriving aircraft on final from Approach and provide the landing clearance. When the aircraft vacates the runway, it's handed over to Ground. Departures are handed over from Ground to the tower controller at the runway holding point, where Tower will give takeoff clearance and hand the departure to the next controller.

## 2. Entrance Qualifications

Before starting S2 training the following entrance qualifications must be fulfilled:

- VATSIM, VATEUD and VATSIM Scandinavia membership
- Completed S1 training in VATSIM Scandinavia - Sweden
- Registered a training Request in Control Center (CC)
- Logged at least **30 hours** as active ATC in Sweden

## 3. Preparations

Please make the following preparations before applying for S2 ATC training.

- Get experience from DEL and GND positions during more challenging traffic conditions (such as during events).
- Sign up and book positions for events and provide supporting ATC during controller trainings and CPTs.  
    Students actively supporting the community in this way are prioritized for further training.
- Provide ATC regularly — at least 5 hours each rolling 30-days period.
- Practice flying VFR using both English and Swedish phraseology at a controlled aerodrome.

In this way you will have the best chances to be able to complete the S2 training.

## 4. Theory

The S2 theory material covers the following subjects:

- **Meteorology**
- Complete METAR Decoding

- **Visual Flight Rules (VFR)**
- The Traffic Circuit
- Providing Traffic Information
- Restricted Areas &amp; Danger Areas
- VFR Entry/Exit Points
- VFR Management
- Special VFR Flights

- **Separation**
- Runway Separation
- Wake Turbulence Separation
- Departure Separation
- Reduced Separation in the Vicinity of Aerodromes

- **Procedures**
- Missed Approach
- Aborted Take-off

- **Altimetry**
- Transition Altitude
- Transition Level

- **Airspace**
- Swedish Airspace Structure
- Airspace Classes
- The Control Zone

- **Basic TopSky**
- TopSky View
- Basic TopSky Label Items
- Keyboard Shortcuts

- **VATSIM Code of Conduct as related to emergencies**

## 5. Practical Training

The majority of the S2 training is performed at Göteborg Landvetter (ESGG). The training begins with simulation exercises together with a mentor. Once the student is proficient enough, the student may begin training online. The student also has the opportunity to train on Malmö Sturup (ESMS) and Stockholm Bromma (ESSB) when training online with a mentor.

The simulation exercises cover the following parts:

- Basic IFR Traffic
- Separating IFR Departures
- Missed Approaches
- VFR Traffic

## 6. Timelines &amp; Expectations

All training relies heavily on your motivation. When agreeing to start S2 training, there are high expectations on you to be able to spend time on self-studies and consistently take initiative to plan training sessions with a mentor.

It is possible to postpone the start of the training (e.g. due to holidays) and wait until another mentor is available later on.  
  
The following requirements and timelines apply:

<table id="bkmrk-training-stage-requi"><tbody><tr><th>**Training Stage**</th><th>**Requirement**</th></tr><tr><td>Self-study of theory materials and taking of the theory test</td><td>Completed within 1 week</td></tr><tr><td>Simulation and online training together with mentor</td><td>At least one training session each 14-day period</td></tr><tr><td>VATEUD Core Test</td><td>Completed within 1 week</td></tr><tr><td>Online practice with Solo Endorsement, followed by Controller Practical Test</td><td>Should be completed within 4 weeks</td></tr></tbody></table>

If you fail to meet these requirements and deadlines, your training request can be closed without any prior notice.

## 7. Examination

### S2 Theory Test

In order to pass the S2 theory test, at least 80% of the questions should be answered correctly. If you fail the first time you will get a second chance. More than 2 attempts may be allowed after a cooling off period.

### VATEUD Core Test

The VATEUD Core Test for S2 rating shall be completed and passed.

### Controller Practical Test

Your practical ATC skills will be assessed during a Controller Practical Test (**CPT**):

<table id="bkmrk-position-esgg_twr-%28o"><tbody><tr><th>**Position**</th><td>ESGG\_TWR (or ESMS\_TWR)</td></tr><tr><th>**Duration**</th><td>90 to 120 minutes</td></tr><tr><th>**Supporting ATC positions**</th><td>ESGG\_GND at the discretion of the examiner</td></tr></tbody></table>

If you fail the CPT you will be offered further training and a new CPT later on.

# T1 ESSA TWR (OLD)

## 1. Introduction

### Context

Stockholm Arlanda Airport (ESSA) is the largest and busiest airport in Sweden. To effectively manage high traffic volumes, the workload for Approach, Tower, and Ground controllers can be distributed across multiple sectors. Technically, these positions are split into sub-positions with smaller, dedicated areas of responsibility. For example, one Tower position may focus on arrivals and one half of the control zone, while a second Tower position manages departures and the remaining half.

An increase in active ATC positions and traffic intensity naturally leads to more complex procedures and challenging operational conditions. Consequently, to provide professional and efficient air traffic services at Stockholm Arlanda, controllers must undergo dedicated training.

The Tier 1 Arlanda Tower (T1 ESSA TWR) training course prepares Tower Controllers (S2) and higher-rated controllers to operate the Stockholm Arlanda aerodrome positions: Delivery (DEL), Ground (GND), and Tower (TWR).

## 2. Entrance Qualifications

In order to be accepted for active T1 ESSA TWR training, applicants must fulfill the following criteria:

- Hold a VATSIM, VATEUD and VATSIM Scandinavia membership.
- Hold a permanent VATSIM S2 rating or higher (S3, C1, or C3).
- Have an active training request registered in the Control Center (CC).
- Have logged at least 5 hours as an active air traffic controller within the last month prior to training commencement, preferably within Sweden.

## 3. Recommended Preparations

### Familiarisation as a Pilot

Learn and familiarise yourself with the runways, SIDs and standard taxi routings by conducting a few flights from Arlanda when it's staffed.

### Preparations as a Controller

As previously mentioned, operating at Stockholm Arlanda involves managing both complex procedural details and high traffic volumes efficiently. Therefore, we highly recommend that you actively seek out experience on aerodrome positions during more challenging traffic conditions. Booking positions for official events or providing supporting ATC during student check-outs are excellent opportunities to build this experience. By doing so, you will be well-prepared when your T1 ESSA TWR course begins. Please note that students who actively support the community in this manner are prioritized for training progression.

## 4. Theory

The theory for **T1 ESSA TWR** endorsement includes the following subjects:

- **Aerodrome layout**
- Runways
- Terminals
- Parking stands
- Taxiways

- **Airspace**
- Arlanda Control Zone
- VFR entry/exit points and VFR holdings
- Stockholm TMA exit points

- **Local Operating Procedures at Arlanda**
- Runway combinations
- Interpretation of **Appendix A**
- Selecting runways in use
- Power-out stands &amp; Push-back stands
- Standard departure and arrival taxi routes
- Special taxi procedures to/from runway 01R/19L
- SID designators
- Different SIDs from runway 08
- Different SIDs from runway 19L
- Procedures for low speed departures
- Converging and restrictive runway configurations
- Low Visibility Procedures (**LVP**)
- Missed approaches
- Established on RNP (EoR) and breakout procedures
- Extraordinary situations permitting visual approaches
- Overview of all defined aerodrome positions at Arlanda


## 5. Practical Training

<span class="">The practical training for the T1 ESSA TWR endorsement is conducted alongside a mentor.</span><span class=""> It consists of three simulation exercises followed by online training sessions.</span><span class=""> The exact number of online sessions required will be determined at the mentor's discretion,</span><span class=""> based on the student's performance.</span>

## 6. Timelines

We expect you to have a genuine interest and a serious ambition to develop your skills as a controller. This includes reviewing all necessary documentation prior to your sessions and allocating sufficient time for practical training with a mentor.

The following requirements and timelines apply:

<table id="bkmrk-training-stage-requi" style="width: 78.2143%;"><tbody><tr><th style="width: 48.6435%;">**Training Stage**</th><th style="width: 51.3739%;">**Requirement / Timeline**</th></tr><tr><td style="width: 48.6435%;">Review theory material</td><td style="width: 51.3739%;">To be completed within 2 weeks</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 48.6435%;">Theory test (including potential re-test)</td><td style="width: 51.3739%;">To be completed within 1 week</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 48.6435%;">Simulation &amp; online training with mentor</td><td style="width: 51.3739%;">At least one training session every 14 days</td></tr></tbody></table>

If you are unable to meet these requirements and deadlines, your training request may be closed without any prior notice.

## 8. Examination

### Theoretical Examination

To pass the course, you must achieve a score of at least 80% on the Theory Test. If you do not pass on your first attempt, a second attempt will be permitted within 2 days. Should a student fail both attempts, the training will be closed.

### Practical ATC Skills

Your practical skills are continuously assessed by your mentor during both simulation exercises and live online training sessions with VATSIM traffic.

Upon completing the 3 mandatory simulation exercises, most students require an additional 2 to 4 online sessions to reach the required standard. The assigned mentor, in consultation with the Training Assistant or Training Lead, will determine when the training is successfully completed and when the T1 ESSA TWR endorsement will be granted.

# T2 APS (rdy for rls)

<h2 id="bkmrk-purpose">Purpose</h2>
<p id="bkmrk-this-document-provid">This document provides essential information for students currently undertaking or planning to begin their T2 APS training in Sweden. It outlines the entry requirements, suggested preparations, expectations on students, course syllabus, training timelines, and course criteria.</p>
<h2 id="bkmrk-1.-introduction">1. Introduction</h2>
<p id="bkmrk-in-sweden%2C-there-are" data-path-to-node="4"><span class="">In Sweden,</span><span class=""> there are 24 civil regional airports where the Tower controller provides air traffic services in both the Control Zone and the Terminal Area.</span><span class=""> Since these airports only have a few aircraft movements per hour,</span><span class=""> a dedicated Approach controller is not required.</span></p>
<p id="bkmrk-because-the-tower-co" data-path-to-node="5"><span class="">Because the Tower controller also covers the Approach position,</span><span class=""> the T2 APS course introduces you to radar and approach procedures.</span><span class=""> This makes it a very theory-heavy course,</span><span class=""> as it covers the same subjects as the entire S3 rating course.</span><span class=""> The only real difference is the amount of traffic you are expected to handle.</span></p>
<h2 id="bkmrk-2.-entry-requirement">2. Entry Requirements</h2>
<p id="bkmrk-in-order-to-be-accep">Before applying for T2 APS training, the following entry requirements must be met:</p>
<ul id="bkmrk-hold-a-vatsim%2C-vateu">
<li>Hold a VATSIM, VATEUD and VATSIM Scandinavia membership.</li>
<li>Hold a permanent VATSIM S2 rating or higher.</li>
<li>Have an active training request registered in the&nbsp;<a href="https://cc.vatsim-scandinavia.org/dashboard">Control Center (CC)</a>.</li>
<li>Have logged at least 5 hours as active ATC within the last month prior to training commencement, preferably within Sweden.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="bkmrk-3.-suggested-prepara">3. Suggested Preparations</h2>
<p id="bkmrk-to-maximize-your-cha">To maximize your chances of successfully completing your T2 APS training, we strongly encourage you to complete the following preparations before your first session:</p>
<ul id="bkmrk-fly-to-an-aps-aerodr">
<li class="null"><strong>Fly to an APS Aerodrome:</strong> Get an understanding of how APS aerodromes operate and how operations can be streamlined with the low traffic volumes.</li>
<li class="null"><strong>Fly between ESSA and ESGG:</strong> Get an understanding of how Approach Control works and the phraseology used.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="bkmrk-4.-expectation-on-st">4. Expectation on Students</h2>
<h3 id="bkmrk-theory-studies">Theory Studies</h3>
<p id="bkmrk-since-the-theory-mat">Since the theory material is heavy and introduces many new aspects, we have high expectations for you to study the provided material thoroughly. Additionally, the VATEUD Division Training Policy states that there should be no more than one training session. Therefore, we expect you to study the material deeply and focus heavily on the feedback given by your mentors between simulation runs.
<br><br>Additional expectations as per <strong><a href="https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/books/training-in-sweden/page/training-overview-sweden-fir#bkmrk-%C2%A0">Training Overview § 4.</a></strong></p>
<h2 id="bkmrk-5.-course-timeline">5. Course Timeline</h2>
  <p>We expect all students to follow the timeline outlined below.</p>
<div class="timeline">
  <div class="dot"></div>
  <div class="line"></div>
  <div class="event">
    <p class="finHeader">Apply for Training</p>
    <p>Apply for T2 ESAA APS training in <a href="https://cc.vatsim-scandinavia.org/dashboard">Control Center</a>.</p>
  </div>
  <div class="dot"></div>
  <div class="event">
    <p class="finHeader">Begin Pre-Training</p>
    <p>Once it is your turn in the queue, you will receive an email notification confirming that your training request status has been updated to Pre-Training. Simultaneously, you will be granted access to the T2 APS Moodle course.</p>
  </div>
  <div class="dot"></div>
  <div class="event">
    <p class="finHeader" style="margin-left: -3.8px;">Self-Study & Theory Test</p>
    <p style="margin-left: -3.8px;">Study the provided theoretical materials independently and complete the T2 APS Theory Test. Detailed information regarding the test can be found within the Moodle.<br><br>This self-study phase and the accompanying test must be completed within a timeframe of two weeks.</p>
  </div>
    <div class="dot"></div>
  <div class="event">
    <p class="finHeader" style="margin-left: -3.8px;">Simulation Exercises with Mentor</p>
    <p style="margin-left: -3.8px;">After completing the theoretical exam with a passing score, you may begin simulation training with your mentor. It is your responsibility as a student to suggest times for training.</p>
  </div>
  <div class="dot"></div>
  <div class="event" style="border-bottom:2px solid #1a475f; margin-left: 3.8px;">
    <p class="finHeader" style="margin-left: -3.8px;">Training Completion</p>
    <p style="margin-left: -3.8px;">Once your mentor has determined that you are proficient enough, you will receive your T2 APS endorsement. You may staff all civil regional tower positions.</p>
  </div>
</div>
<h2 id="bkmrk-6.-theory">6. Theory</h2>
<p id="bkmrk-the-theory-for-t2-ap">The Moodle course&nbsp;<em>Sweden FIR &ndash; S3 &amp; T2 ESAA APS</em> contains the theoretical material required for the T2 APS endorsement within Sweden. The curriculum is divided into the following key subject areas:</p>
<p id="bkmrk-wip%21the-training-mat" class="callout warning"><strong>WIP!<br></strong>The training material for the T2 APS endorsement is currently being reworked and is temporarily unavailable.</p>
<h2 id="bkmrk-5.-practical-trainin">7. Practical Training</h2>
<p id="bkmrk-the-practical-traini">The practical training for the T2 APS endorsement is performed entirely in the simulator. The training is conducted at Ume&aring; Tower, and there is only one simulation file available. However, this simulation can be run multiple times to practice different techniques and procedures. We highly suggest performing the simulation at least twice: once where traffic follows the published STARs, and once where you vector the traffic to practice your radar vectoring skills.&nbsp;</p>
<p class="callout info">According to the VATEUD Division Training Policy, T2 APS training should not require more than a single session with a mentor. Therefore, both runs of the simulation must be performed during this single training session, and all feedback must be compiled into one training report.</p>
<h2 id="bkmrk-8.-course-criteria">8. Course Criteria</h2>
<p id="bkmrk-this-is-the-official">This is the official training criteria for all T2 APS students. Each mentor is responsible for making sure that the students have a sufficient level on each of the outlined points before considering the training to be complete.</p>
<p class="callout warning"><strong>WIP!<br></strong>The training criteria for the T2 APS endorsement is currently being reworked and is temporarily unavailable.</p>
<ul id="bkmrk-your-practical-skill"></ul>
<style id="bkmrk-i.comment%7B-color%3A-gr">
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# S3 Rating

<h2 id="bkmrk-purpose">Purpose</h2>
<p id="bkmrk-this-document-provid">This document provides essential information for students currently undertaking or planning to begin their T2 APS training in Sweden. It outlines the entry requirements, suggested preparations, expectations on students, course syllabus, training timelines, and course criteria.</p>
<h2 id="bkmrk-1.-introduction">1. Introduction</h2>
<p id="bkmrk-in-sweden%2C-there-are" data-path-to-node="4"><span class="">In Sweden,</span><span class=""> there are 24 civil regional airports where the Tower controller provides air traffic services in both the Control Zone and the Terminal Area.</span><span class=""> Since these airports only have a few aircraft movements per hour,</span><span class=""> a dedicated Approach controller is not required.</span></p>
<p id="bkmrk-because-the-tower-co" data-path-to-node="5"><span class="">Because the Tower controller also covers the Approach position,</span><span class=""> the T2 APS course introduces you to radar and approach procedures.</span><span class=""> This makes it a very theory-heavy course,</span><span class=""> as it covers the same subjects as the entire S3 rating course.</span><span class=""> The only real difference is the amount of traffic you are expected to handle.</span></p>
<h2 id="bkmrk-2.-entry-requirement">2. Entry Requirements</h2>
<p id="bkmrk-in-order-to-be-accep">Before applying for S3 training, the following entry requirements must be met:</p>
<ul id="bkmrk-hold-a-vatsim%2C-vateu">
<li>Hold a VATSIM, VATEUD and VATSIM Scandinavia membership.</li>
<li>Hold a permanent VATSIM S2 rating or higher.</li>
<li>Have an active training request registered in the&nbsp;<a href="https://cc.vatsim-scandinavia.org/dashboard">Control Center (CC)</a>.</li>
<li>Have logged at least 5 hours as active ATC within the last month prior to training commencement, preferably within Sweden.</li>
  <li>Hold all T2 endorsements in Sweden.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="bkmrk-3.-suggested-prepara">3. Suggested Preparations</h2>
<p id="bkmrk-to-maximize-your-cha">To maximize your chances of successfully completing your T2 APS training, we strongly encourage you to complete the following preparations before your first session:</p>
<ul id="bkmrk-fly-to-an-aps-aerodr">
<li class="null"><strong>Fly to an APS Aerodrome:</strong> Get an understanding of how APS aerodromes operate and how operations can be streamlined with the low traffic volumes.</li>
<li class="null"><strong>Fly between ESSA and ESGG:</strong> Get an understanding of how Approach Control works and the phraseology used.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="bkmrk-4.-expectation-on-st">4. Expectation on Students</h2>
<h3 id="bkmrk-theory-studies">Theory Studies</h3>
<p id="bkmrk-since-the-theory-mat">Since the theory material is heavy and introduces many new aspects, we have high expectations for you to study the provided material thoroughly. Additionally, the VATEUD Division Training Policy states that there should be no more than one training session. Therefore, we expect you to study the material deeply and focus heavily on the feedback given by your mentors between simulation runs.
<br><br>Additional expectations as per <strong><a href="https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/books/training-in-sweden/page/training-overview-sweden-fir#bkmrk-%C2%A0">Training Overview § 4.</a></strong></p>
<h2 id="bkmrk-5.-course-timeline">5. Course Timeline</h2>
  <p>We expect all students to follow the timeline outlined below.</p>
<div class="timeline">
  <div class="dot"></div>
  <div class="line"></div>
  <div class="event">
    <p class="finHeader">Apply for Training</p>
    <p>Apply for T2 ESAA APS training in <a href="https://cc.vatsim-scandinavia.org/dashboard">Control Center</a>.</p>
  </div>
  <div class="dot"></div>
  <div class="event">
    <p class="finHeader">Begin Pre-Training</p>
    <p>Once it is your turn in the queue, you will receive an email notification confirming that your training request status has been updated to Pre-Training. Simultaneously, you will be granted access to the T2 APS Moodle course.</p>
  </div>
  <div class="dot"></div>
  <div class="event">
    <p class="finHeader" style="margin-left: -3.8px;">Self-Study & Theory Test</p>
    <p style="margin-left: -3.8px;">Study the provided theoretical materials independently and complete the T2 APS Theory Test. Detailed information regarding the test can be found within the Moodle.<br><br>This self-study phase and the accompanying test must be completed within a timeframe of two weeks.</p>
  </div>
    <div class="dot"></div>
  <div class="event">
    <p class="finHeader" style="margin-left: -3.8px;">Simulation Exercises with Mentor</p>
    <p style="margin-left: -3.8px;">After completing the theoretical exam with a passing score, you may begin simulation training with your mentor. It is your responsibility as a student to suggest times for training.</p>
  </div>
  <div class="dot"></div>
  <div class="event" style="border-bottom:2px solid #1a475f; margin-left: 3.8px;">
    <p class="finHeader" style="margin-left: -3.8px;">Training Completion</p>
    <p style="margin-left: -3.8px;">Once your mentor has determined that you are proficient enough, you will receive your T2 APS endorsement. You may staff all civil regional tower positions.</p>
  </div>
</div>
<h2 id="bkmrk-6.-theory">6. Theory</h2>
<p id="bkmrk-the-theory-for-t2-ap">The Moodle course&nbsp;<em>Sweden FIR &ndash; S3 &amp; T2 ESAA APS</em> contains the theoretical material required for the T2 APS endorsement within Sweden. The curriculum is divided into the following key subject areas:</p>
<p id="bkmrk-wip%21the-training-mat" class="callout warning"><strong>WIP!<br></strong>The training material for the T2 APS endorsement is currently being reworked and is temporarily unavailable.</p>
<h2 id="bkmrk-5.-practical-trainin">7. Practical Training</h2>
<p id="bkmrk-the-practical-traini">The practical training for the T2 APS endorsement is performed entirely in the simulator. The training is conducted at Ume&aring; Tower, and there is only one simulation file available. However, this simulation can be run multiple times to practice different techniques and procedures. We highly suggest performing the simulation at least twice: once where traffic follows the published STARs, and once where you vector the traffic to practice your radar vectoring skills.&nbsp;</p>
<p class="callout info">According to the VATEUD Division Training Policy, T2 APS training should not require more than a single session with a mentor. Therefore, both runs of the simulation must be performed during this single training session, and all feedback must be compiled into one training report.</p>
<h2 id="bkmrk-8.-course-criteria">8. Course Criteria</h2>
<p id="bkmrk-this-is-the-official">This is the official training criteria for all T2 APS students. Each mentor is responsible for making sure that the students have a sufficient level on each of the outlined points before considering the training to be complete.</p>
<p class="callout warning"><strong>WIP!<br></strong>The training criteria for the T2 APS endorsement is currently being reworked and is temporarily unavailable.</p>
<ul id="bkmrk-your-practical-skill"></ul>
<style id="bkmrk-i.comment%7B-color%3A-gr">
  i.comment{
    color: grey;
    font-size: 0.8em;
    padding-bottom: 1em;
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# T2 AFIS (OLD)

## 1. Introduction

### Context

Some small regional airports experience very sparse traffic and have only a few commercial flights each day. Consequently, providing a full Air Traffic Control (ATC) service cannot be justified due to the high operational costs. Instead, an Aerodrome Flight Information Service (AFIS) is provided by an AFIS Officer (AFISO) from the tower. In these cases, the aerodrome is classified as an uncontrolled airport.

The main duties of an AFIS unit are to provide pilots with information regarding current weather, airport conditions, and known traffic at the aerodrome and in its vicinity. Furthermore, AFIS coordinates and relays IFR clearances from the overlying ATC sector.

## 2. Entrance Qualifications

In order to be accepted for active T2 AFIS training, applicants must fulfill the following criteria:

- Hold a VATSIM, VATEUD and VATSIM Scandinavia membership.
- Hold a permanent VATSIM S2 rating or higher (S3, C1, or C3).
- Have an active training request registered in the Control Center (CC).
- Have logged at least 5 hours as an active air traffic controller within the last month prior to training commencement, preferably within Sweden.

## 3. Recommended Preparations

To better understand the conceptual differences between ATC and AFIS, we highly recommend conducting a few IFR flights from a controlled airport to an aerodrome where AFIS is provided.

## 4. Theory

The theory for **T2 AFIS Endorsement** include the following subjects:

- AFIS officer role in the ATS system
- Difference between ATC and AFIS
- Airspace
- Class G
- Traffic Information Zone (**TIZ**)
- Traffic Information Area (**TIA**)

- Providing departure &amp; arrival information
- Providing traffic information
- Standard phraseology in AFIS operations

## 5. AFIS Competencies

- Provide information to pilots 
    - Arrival Information
    - Departure Information
    - Runway in use
    - Weather
    - Airport condition
    - Traffic: at aerodrome, in TIZ/TIA and in vicinity of airport
- Requesting pilots to report: 
    - intentions
    - position
    - level or altitude
    - engine start
    - taxi
    - leaving TIZ/TIA
- IFR departures 
    - Coordinating departure clearance with overlying ATC unit
    - Relaying departure clearances to pilots
    - Transfer IFR traffic to overlying ATC sector

## 6. Practical Training

NIL

## 7. Timelines

This is a brief additional training course designed to prepare you for providing AFIS in Sweden. We expect you to demonstrate a genuine interest, dedicate sufficient time to self-study, and remain focused throughout the course.

The following requirements and timelines apply:

<table id="bkmrk-training-stage-requi"><tbody><tr><th>**Training Stage**</th><th>**Requirement**</th></tr><tr><td>Review theory material</td><td>Completed within 2 weeks</td></tr><tr><td>Theory test (including potential re-test)</td><td>Completed within 1 week</td></tr></tbody></table>

If you are unable to meet these requirements and deadlines your training request may be closed without prior notice.

## 8. Examination

During the training course your theoretical knowledge is examined.

### Theory Test

To pass the course, you must achieve a score of at least 80% on the Theory Test. If you do not pass on your first attempt, a second attempt will be permitted within 2 days. Should a student fail both attempts, the training request will be closed.

# S3 Rating

<h2 id="bkmrk-purpose">Purpose</h2>
<p id="bkmrk-this-document-provid">This document provides essential information for students currently undertaking or planning to begin their S2 training in Sweden. It outlines the entry requirements, suggested preparations, expectations on students, course syllabus, training timelines, and course criteria.</p>
<h2 id="bkmrk-1.-introduction">1. Introduction</h2>
<p id="bkmrk-the-s1-rating-is-the" data-path-to-node="4">After aquiring your S1 rating, the S2 rating is the obvious next step. With the S2 rating, you are authorized to staff unrestricted Tower positions across Sweden. </p>
<p id="bkmrk-because-these-positi" data-path-to-node="5">Becoming a Tower controller significantly expands your area of responsibility, introducing you to airspace classifications and separation standards. In this role, you are responsible for the Control Zone (CTR)—the immediate airspace surrounding the aerodrome. It is your primary duty to ensure that aircraft take off and land safely, maintaining separation from other traffic in the vicinity of the airfield. </p>
<h2 id="bkmrk-2.-entry-requirement" data-path-to-node="6">2. Entry Requirements</h2>
<p id="bkmrk-before-applying-for-">Before applying for S2 training, the following entry requirements must be met:</p>
<ul id="bkmrk-hold-a-vatsim%2C-vateu">
<li>Hold a VATSIM, VATEUD and VATSIM Scandinavia membership.</li>
<li>Hold a permanent VATSIM S1 rating or higher (S3, C1, or C3).</li>
<li>Have conducted S1 training in Sweden FIR.</li>
<li>Have an active training request registered in the <a href="https://cc.vatsim-scandinavia.org/dashboard">Control Center (CC)</a>.</li>
  <li>Have logged at least 30 online hours as active ATC in Sweden</li>
</ul>
<p class="callout success" id="bkmrk-before-you-apply%3Aif-"><strong>Don't stop controlling!</strong><br>To show your continuous interest in S2 training, please continue to provide ATC services regularly after submitting your application. Training priority is given to members who show consistent engagement and actively contribute to the community.</p>
<h2 id="bkmrk-3.-suggested-prepara">3. Suggested Preparations</h2>
<p id="bkmrk-to-maximize-your-cha" data-path-to-node="4">To maximize your chances of successfully completing your S2 training, we strongly encourage you to complete the following preparations before your first session:</p>
<ul id="bkmrk-conduct-ifr-flights%3A" data-path-to-node="5">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="5,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="5,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Gain Event Experience:</strong> Gain experience on Ground and Delivery positions during challenging traffic conditions (e.g. during events)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="5,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="5,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Practice VFR Flights:</strong> Practice flying VFR using both English and Swedish phraseology with active ATC.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="bkmrk-4" class="-student-expectati">4. Expectations on Students</h2>
<p id="bkmrk-the-s1-training-is-a">Just like the S1 training, the S2 training is also very demanding for the student, as well as your mentors. The syllabus contains far more practical training sessions, both online and in simulation, requiring a lot of time from both parties. It also relies significantly more on you to practice on your free time, while holding a solo endorsement (read more about it in <a href="https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/books/wip-sweden/page/s2-rating#bkmrk-5.-timeline">section 5</a>).
</p>
<h3>Time Commitment</h3>
The S2 training takes significantly more time and requries a large amount of time from you as a student. While holding a solo endorsement, it is solely your own responsibility to remain active and practice on Tower positions online. 

If you think you do not have enought time when you are assigned training, please advise the Training Team Member of Sweden. Your training request may then be returned back to the queue and remain in front of the queue. 
<h3>Activity Requirements</h3>
In order to maintain a smooth and efficient training progression, we have established clear rules regarding student activity. 
<ul>
  <li>We expect all students to complete at least one training session every 14 days. If you do not schedule a training session within this two-week window, an inactivity warning will be issued. Following this warning, you will have an additional two weeks to arrange a session with your mentor, after which your training may be discontinued if no progress has been made.</li>
<li>If you are unable to attend training within a two-week period due to vacation or real-life commitments, please proactively inform both your mentor and the Sweden Training Team. By notifying us in advance, you will ensure that no inactivity warning is issued and that your training status remains secure.</li>
<li>Any continuous absence exceeding one month will be reviewed and handled on a case-by-case basis.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="bkmrk-5.-timeline">5. Course Timeline</h2>
  <p>We expect all students to follow the timeline outlined below.</p>
<div class="timeline">
  <div class="dot"></div>
  <div class="line"></div>
  <div class="event">
    <p class="finHeader">Apply for Training</p>
    <p>Apply for S2 training in <a href="https://cc.vatsim-scandinavia.org/dashboard">Control Center</a>.</p>
  </div>
  <div class="dot"></div>
  <div class="event">
    <p class="finHeader">Begin Pre-Training</p>
    <p>Once it is your turn in the queue, you will receive an email notification confirming that your training request status has been updated to Pre-Training. Simultaneously, you will be assigned a mentor and granted access to the S2 Moodle course.</p>
  </div>

  <div class="dot"></div>
  <div class="event">
    <p class="finHeader">Self-Study & Theory Test</p>
    <p>Study the provided theoretical materials independently and complete the S2 Theory Test. Detailed information regarding the test can be found within the Moodle.<br><br>This self-study phase and the accompanying test must be completed within a timeframe of two weeks.</p>
  </div>
  <div class="dot"></div>
  <div class="event">
    <p class="finHeader">Simulation Exercises with Mentor</p>
    <p>After completing the theoretical exam with a passing score, you may begin simulation training with your mentor. It is your responsibility as a student to suggest times for training.
    </p>
  </div>
    <div class="dot"></div>
  <div class="event">
    <p class="finHeader">Online Training with Mentor</p>
    <p>Online training sessions where you will continue practicing applying Tower control concepts with live VATSIM traffic. We recommend trying to book a session with your mentor during an event.<br><br>At least two online training sessions must be conducted.</p>
  </div>
    <div class="dot"></div>
  <div class="event">
    <p class="finHeader">VATEUD S2 Core Test</p>
    <p>Once your mentor believes you are ready to practice on your own (and pass a CPT), you will receive access to the VATEUD S2 Core Test.</p>
  </div>
  <div class="dot"></div>
  <div class="event">
    <p class="finHeader" style="margin-left: -3.8px;">Solo Endorsement Practice</p>
    <p style="margin-left: -3.8px;">Upon successfully passing your VATEUD Core Test, you will receive a Solo Endorsement valid for 30 days, allowing you to staff your assigned Tower position without mentor supervision. At the same time, your Controller Practical Test (CPT) should be scheduled to take place while your solo endorsement is still valid.</p>
  </div>
  <div class="dot"></div>
  <div class="event">
    <p class="finHeader" style="margin-left: -3.8px;">Controller Practical Test</p>
    <p style="margin-left: -3.8px;">To finish your S2 training, your practical skills will be assessed during a Controller Practical Test (CPT).<br></p>
    <table id="bkmrk-position-esgg_twr-%28o">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><strong>Position</strong></th>
<td>ESGG_TWR (or ESMS_TWR)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><strong>Duration</strong></th>
<td>90 to 120 minutes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><strong>Supporting ATC positions</strong></th>
<td>ESGG_GND at the discretion of the examiner</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
    <p>If you fail your CPT, you will be offered further training and a new CPT later on. </p>
  </div>
  <div class="dot"></div>
  <div class="event" style="border-bottom:2px solid #1a475f; margin-left: 3.8px;">
    <p class="finHeader" style="margin-left: -3.8px;">Training Completion</p>
    <p style="margin-left: -3.8px;">Upon successfully passing your Controller Practical Test, you will receive your S2 rating upgrade from VATEUD. You may staff unsrestricted S2 positions in Sweden. </p>
  </div>
</div>
<h2 id="bkmrk-4.-theory" data-path-to-node="6,0">6. Theory</h2>
<p data-path-to-node="3">The Moodle course <em data-path-to-node="3" data-index-in-node="18">Sweden FIR &ndash; S2 Rating</em> contains the theoretical material required for the S2 rating within Sweden. The curriculum is divided into the following key subject areas:</p>
<h4 data-path-to-node="4">Airspace, Altimetry &amp; Meteorology</h4>
<ul data-path-to-node="5">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="5,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="5,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Airspace Structure:</strong> Understanding the Swedish airspace structure, various airspace classes, and the operational boundaries of the Control Zone (CTR).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="5,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="5,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Altimetry Concepts:</strong> Understanding the practical application and differences between Transition Altitude and Transition Level.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="5,2,0"><strong data-path-to-node="5,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Meteorology:</strong> Advanced interpretation and complete decoding of METAR reports for operational use.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 data-path-to-node="6">Visual Flight Rules (VFR) Operations</h4>
<ul data-path-to-node="7">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="7,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="7,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">VFR Fundamentals:</strong> Managing the standard traffic circuit, VFR entry/exit points, and handling special VFR flights.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="7,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="7,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Traffic Management:</strong> Providing relevant and accurate traffic information to aircraft, and how restricted and danger areas work.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 data-path-to-node="8">Separation Standards &amp; Procedures</h4>
<ul data-path-to-node="9">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="9,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="9,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Separation Fundamentals:</strong> Applying runway separation, wake turbulence separation, departure separation, and utilizing reduced separation in the vicinity of aerodromes.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="9,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="9,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Abnormal Procedures:</strong> Standard operating methods for managing complex tactical situations, specifically missed approaches and aborted take-offs.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="9,2,0"><strong data-path-to-node="9,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Emergency Regulations:</strong> Adhering to the VATSIM Code of Conduct regarding the handling and management of emergencies.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 data-path-to-node="10">Radar Skills &amp; TopSky Functions</h4>
<ul data-path-to-node="11">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="11,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="11,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">TopSky Interface:</strong> Navigating the TopSky view, customizing the display setup, and mastering essential keyboard shortcuts.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="11,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="11,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Label Management:</strong> Interpreting, interacting with, and modifying basic TopSky label items.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="bkmrk-5.-practical-trainin">7. Practical Training</h2>
<p data-path-to-node="3">The majority of the S2 practical training is conducted at G&ouml;teborg Landvetter Airport (ESGG). The training syllabus is divided into two distinct phases, beginning with structured simulator sessions before advancing to live traffic on the network.</p>
<h3 data-path-to-node="4">Simulation Exercises</h3>
<p data-path-to-node="5">Training begins in a controlled simulator environment together with a mentor. The focus during this phase is to build core competencies and tactical skills. Specifically, the simulation exercises cover the following operational areas:</p>
<ul data-path-to-node="6">
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="6,0,0"><strong data-path-to-node="6,0,0" data-index-in-node="0">Basic IFR Traffic:</strong> Handling standard instrument flight rules arrivals and departures.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="6,1,0"><strong data-path-to-node="6,1,0" data-index-in-node="0">Separating IFR Departures:</strong> Applying proper separation minima and departure spacing between IFR aircraft.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="6,2,0"><strong data-path-to-node="6,2,0" data-index-in-node="0">Missed Approaches:</strong> Managing high pressure moments during go-arounds.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p data-path-to-node="6,3,0"><strong data-path-to-node="6,3,0" data-index-in-node="0">VFR Traffic:</strong> Integrating VFR aircraft into the control zone, including traffic circuits and entry/exit points.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 data-path-to-node="7">Online Training</h3>
<p data-path-to-node="8">Once you demonstrate a proficient standard in the simulator, you will be cleared to begin training online with live traffic. When conducting these online sessions with a mentor, you will also have the opportunity to expand your practice to Malm&ouml; Sturup (ESMS) and Stockholm Bromma (ESSB). Please note that students must complete a minimum of two online training sessions before being eligible to be granted a Solo Endorsement.</p>

<h2 id="bkmrk-7.-course-citeria">8. Course Citeria</h2>
<p id="bkmrk-this-is-the-official">This is the official training criteria for all S2 students conducting their within Sweden. Each mentor is responsible for making sure that the students have a sufficient level on each of the outlined points before requesting to issue the VATEUD Core Test.</p>
<p id="bkmrk-the-following-criter">The following criteria are requirements from VATSIM's <a href="https://vatsim.net/docs/policy/global-controller-administration-policy">Global Controller Administration Policy</a>.</p>
<h3>1. General</h3>
<ol style="list-style: lower-alpha">
  <li>
    Demonstrates an understanding of the role of the local (tower) controller
    <i class="comment">e.g. areas of responsibility and main tasks</i>
  </li>
  <li>
    Selects the appropriate runway configuration based on weather, procedure, and operational requirements
    <i class="comment">the student is able to correctly decide runway usage based on multiple factors (e.g. noise abatement procedures, shortest taxi routes, available approach types)</i>
  </li>
  <li>
    Issues appropriate takeoff and departure instructions as needed
    <i class="comment">the student understands when it is prudent to coordinate a non-standard departure for a specific aircraft</i>
  </li>
  <li>
    Uses prescribed phraseology for takeoff and landing clearances
    <i class="comment">the student knows the structure of the clearances</i>
  </li>
  <li>
    Defines all parts of a VFR traffic pattern (circuit)
    <i class="comment">the student knows every part of the traffic circuit and is able to use them correctly to manage VFR traffic</i>
  </li>
  <li>
    Ensures aircraft are separated as required
    <i class="comment">the student understands and applies radar separation, and knows when reduced separation is permitted within the CTR.</i>
  </li>
  <li>
    Issues missed approach / go around instructions using prescribed 
phraseology
    <i class="comment">the student uses correct phraseology and is able to coordinate a different go-around procedure</i>
  </li>
  <li>
    Ensures adequate wake turbulence and departure separation exists
    <i class="comment">the student understands and applies the mentioned separation standards, and understands that different aerodromes may have different target separation.</i>
  </li>
  <li>
    Correctly transfers aircraft to the next controller
    <i class="comment">the student uses correct phraseology, and ensures radar separation exists before transferring to an APP unit.</i>
  </li>
  <li>
    Demonstrates a basic level of scan
    <i class="comment">the student is able to plan ahead and ensure aircraft movements are conducted as smoothly as possible</i>
  </li>
</ol> 

### 2. Coordination
<ol style="list-style: lower-alpha">
  <li>
    Coordinates missed approaches / go arounds with the appropriate 
controller<i class="comment"></i>
  </li>
  <li>
    Coordinates changes in runway configurations with the appropriate 
controllers
    <i class="comment">the student understands the required coordination and makes appropriate inputs in EuroScope</i>
  </li>
  <li>
    Coordinates other elements as required with the appropriate controller
  </li>
</ol> 
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# WYSIWYG

<p class="callout warning" id="bkmrk-before-you-apply%3Aif-"><strong>Before you apply:</strong><br>If you are considering applying simply to see how air traffic control works on VATSIM, there are alternative way available. You are welcome to install our <a href="https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/books/general/page/euroscope-and-gng-package-installation">controller software and sector files</a> at any time to <a href="https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/books/general/page/observers-guide">connect as an observer</a>. We highly encourage you to join our&nbsp;<a href="https://discord.com/invite/sXrCvNhvUe">Discord server</a> and reach out, as our community is always happy to demonstrate and explain the various aspects of air traffic controlling.</p>

# HTML

<h2 id="bkmrk-5.-timeline">5. Course Timeline AFIS</h2>
  <p>We expect all students to follow the timeline outlined below.</p>
<div class="timeline">
  <div class="dot"></div>
  <div class="line"></div>
  <div class="event">
    <p class="finHeader">Apply for Training</p>
    <p>Apply for T1 ESSA TWR training in <a href="https://cc.vatsim-scandinavia.org/dashboard">Control Center</a>.</p>
  </div>
  <div class="dot"></div>
  <div class="event">
    <p class="finHeader">Begin Training</p>
    <p>Once it is your turn in the queue, you will receive an email notification confirming that your training request status has been updated to Active Training. Simultaneously, you will be granted access to the T2 AFIS Moodle course.</p>
  </div>
  <div class="dot"></div>
  <div class="event">
    <p class="finHeader" style="margin-left: -3.8px;">T1 ESSA TWR Practical Assessment</p>
    <p style="margin-left: -3.8px;">Study the provided theoretical materials independently and complete the T2 AFIS Theory Test. Detailed information regarding the test can be found within the Moodle.<br><br>This self-study phase and the accompanying test must be completed within a timeframe of two weeks.</p>
  </div>
  <div class="dot"></div>
  <div class="event" style="border-bottom:2px solid #1a475f; margin-left: 3.8px;">
    <p class="finHeader" style="margin-left: -3.8px;">Training Completion</p>
    <p style="margin-left: -3.8px;">Once you have completed the theory test with a passing result, a test report (training report) will be added to your training in Control Center. Thereafter, you will receive your T2 AFIS endorsement. You may staff all AFIS positions within Sweden FIR.</p>
  </div>
</div>
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# Mit lille projekt

<p class="callout success">LAI concerning with AOR, Responsibilities and various procedures for sitting on Kastrup TWR position</p>

## 1. Area of Responsibility

### 1.1. Kastrup CTR

1.1.1.1. Kastrup Tower provides air traffic service in Kastrup CTR (GND-1500 ft). Kastrup CTR is Class D Airspace.

1.1.1.2. AREA KASTRUP (GND-1500 ft) located within Sweden FIR is a part of Kastrup CTR. The area is permanently delegated from Sweden FIR.

![AreasRIU.png](https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2023-10/scaled-1680-/DYYareasriu.png)### 1.2. Maneuvering Area

1.2.1.1. The maneuvering area is defined as the zone extending from the holding points of RWY 30 and RWY 22L, and includes all other runway holding points.

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">1.2.1.2. The maneuvering area is always controlled by a controller with callsign "KASTRUP TOWER". </span>

1.2.1.3. Areas are designated into GROUND areas and TOWER areas.

1.2.1.4. These areas are split into four physical areas of responsibility called:

- **Tower West (TW)**
- **Tower East (TE)**
- **Ground West (GW)**
- **Ground East (GE)**

[![Ground Movement Area (1).png](https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2026-06/scaled-1680-/ground-movement-area-1.png)](https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2026-05/ground-movement-area-1.png)

###  **1.3.**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>**Apron Area**

1.3.1.1. Four aprons in Copenhagen, defined as areas of the airport outside the movement area.

- **Apron North**
- **Apron East**
- **Apron South**
- **Apron West**

1.3.1.2. Apron East/South and West are under the control of GROUND EAST.

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">1.3.1.3. Apron North is under the control of KASTRUP APRON </span>

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">1.3.1.4. KASTRUP DELIVERY is supplying Clearance Delivery service for </span><u>**all**</u><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> aprons, unless otherwise coordinated. DEL does not supply ATC clearances for VFR traffic at holding points. </span>

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">1.3.1.4. KASTRUP APRON is supplying Start-up approval service for </span><u>**all**</u><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> aprons, unless otherwise coordinated.</span>

### **1.4. Upper Cab (S2 rating req.)**

#### **1.4.1. General**

1.4.1.1. Upper cab consist of four positions controlling the four different areas depending on Runway Configuration.

<table id="bkmrk-positionfrequencynor" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-width: medium; border-style: none; border-color: currentcolor; border-image: initial;"><colgroup><col style="width: 115.75pt;"></col><col style="width: 120.45pt;"></col><col style="width: 99.2pt;"></col><col style="width: 115.55pt;"></col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="background: rgb(26, 71, 95); width: 115.75pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;">**Position**

</td><td style="background: rgb(26, 71, 95); width: 120.45pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;">**Frequency**

</td><td style="background: rgb(26, 71, 95); width: 99.2pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;">**Norm. ES Identifier**

</td><td style="background: rgb(26, 71, 95); width: 115.55pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;">**Radio Callsign**

</td></tr><tr><td style="background: white; width: 115.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">TWR – DEP</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 120.45pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">119.355</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 99.2pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">EKCH\_D\_TWR</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 115.55pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">Kastrup Tower</span>

</td></tr><tr><td style="background: white; width: 115.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">TWR – ARR</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 120.45pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">118.105</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 99.2pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">EKCH\_A\_TWR</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 115.55pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">Kastrup Tower</span>

</td></tr><tr><td style="background: white; width: 115.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">TWR – GW</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 120.45pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">118.580</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 99.2pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">EKCH\_GW\_TWR</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 115.55pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">Kastrup Tower</span>

</td></tr><tr><td style="background: white; width: 115.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">TWR – GE</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 120.45pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;">121.830

</td><td style="background: white; width: 99.2pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;">EKCH\_GE\_TWR

</td><td style="background: white; width: 115.55pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">Kastrup Tower</span>

</td></tr><tr><td style="background: white; width: 115.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;">TWR - CO

</td><td colspan="3" style="background: white; width: 335.2pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">NOT IN USE</span>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

1.4.1.2. Areas TWR-EAST and TWR-WEST are not tied to a frequency and will be assigned to TWR-DEP and TWR-ARR depending on runway configuration as specified in LAI5-LAI8.

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">1.4.1.3. Areas GRUND EAST and GROUND WEST are generally tied to their respective frequencies. </span>

1.4.1.4. Position TWR-DEP and TWR-ARR are interchangable and will take over from eachother.

1.4.1.5. Position TWR-GW and TWR-GE are interchangable and will take over from eachother.

#### **1.4.2. Designation of repsonsibility**

1.4.2.1. Areas GROUND-WEST and GROUND-EAST, will generally be allocated to a GROUND controller.

1.4.2.2. Areas TWR-WEST and TWR-EAST, will always be allocated to a TOWER controller.

1.4.2.3. In case of no online TWR-GE or TWR-GW, TWR-EAST will assume responsibility of GROUND EAST

1.4.2.4. In case of no online TWR-GE or TWR-GW, TWR-**DEP** will assume responsibility of GROUND WEST, subject to coordination allowances of LAI 5-8.

<details id="bkmrk-gm-to-1.4.2%28a%29-ge-an"><summary>GM to 1.4.2</summary>

(a) GE and GW are GROUND areas, only responsible for taxiing aircraft to holding points and provide sequencing for departure and arrival. These areas will never inherit responsibility for takeoff and landings.

(b) TE and TW are TOWER areas, responsible for issuing takeoff and landing clearances.

(c) TE and TW are allowed to provide top-down coverage of GROUND areas when required due to offling GE+GW.

(d) GE and GW are NOT allowed to provide coverage for any TOWER area.

</details>####   


### **1.5. Lower Cab (S1 rating req.)**

#### **1.5.1. General**

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">1.5.1.1. Lower cab consist of four positions controlling APRON NORTH as well as Delivery and Start-up service. </span>

<table id="bkmrk-positionfrequencynor-1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: solid; border-spacing: 0px;"><colgroup><col style="width: 115.75pt;"></col><col style="width: 120.45pt;"></col><col style="width: 99.2pt;"></col><col style="width: 115.55pt;"></col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="background: rgb(26, 71, 95); width: 115.75pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;">**Position**

</td><td style="background: rgb(26, 71, 95); width: 120.45pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;">**Frequency**

</td><td style="background: rgb(26, 71, 95); width: 99.2pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;">**Norm. ES Identifier**

</td><td style="background: rgb(26, 71, 95); width: 115.55pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;">**Radio Callsign**

</td></tr><tr><td style="background: white; width: 115.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">CLR DEL</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 120.45pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">119.905</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 99.2pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">EKCH\_DEL</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 115.55pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">Kastrup Delivery</span>

</td></tr><tr><td style="background: white; width: 115.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">APRON (TAXI IN)</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 120.45pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">121.630</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 99.2pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">EKCH\_A\_GND</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 115.55pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">Kastrup Apron</span>

</td></tr><tr><td style="background: white; width: 115.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">APRON (STARTUP)</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 120.45pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">121.905</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 99.2pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">EKCH\_B\_GND</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 115.55pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">Kastrup Apron</span>

</td></tr><tr><td style="background: white; width: 115.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">APRON (OUT TAXI)</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 120.45pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">121.730</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 99.2pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">EKCH\_C\_GND</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 115.55pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">Kastrup Apron</span>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

## 2. Usage of Runways

### 2.1 Selection of Runway in Use

TWR-DEP and TWR-ARR shall select the appropriate Runway in use in relation to the meteorological conditions.

#### **2.1.1. Runway in use 0600-2300 CEST.**

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">2.1.1.1. Runway 04R/04L or Runway 22R/22L shall be selected as the primary runway configuration. Either Runway may accept up to a 5 knots tailwind component. </span>

2.1.1.2. In the case above, the right runway shall be used for takeoffs and the left one used for landings.

2.1.1.3. Runway 12/30 may only be selected as takeoff and landing runways if one of the following conditions are present:

- Crosswind Component greater that 15kts on any other runway
- RWYCC 4 or less on the main runways
- Snow removal
- NOTAMs or operational requirements as per operational bulletin

<details id="bkmrk-gm-to-2.1.1%28a%29-refer"><summary>GM to 2.1.1</summary>

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">(a) Reference Flightradar24 as well as METAR/TAF sources to select most suitable Runway in use. </span>

</details><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">2.2.1.4. Runway 30 may be used for landing without restriction as needed, but shall not be selected as a main runway. </span>

2.2.1.5. Runway 12/30 and the main runways may be used in conjunction with each other in accordance with the terms and configurations specified in LAI5-8.

#### **2.1.2. Runway in use 2300-0600 CEST.**

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">2.1.2.1. Runway 04R/04L or Runway 22L shall be selected as the primary runway configuration. Either Runway may accept up to a 5 knots tailwind component. </span>

2.1.1.2. In the case above, the 04R shall be used for takeoffs and Runway 04L shall be used for landings in an easterly configuration and Runway 22L shall be used for takeoff and landings in case of westerly configuration.

## **3. TWR-DEP Responsibilities**

### **3.1 General**

3.1.1.1. TWR-DEP (Normally known as EKCH\_D\_TWR) is responsible for all movements on the designated departure runway.

3.1.1.2. Issue correct amount of departure separation with regards to:

##### a) SIDs

##### b) Wake Turbulence

##### c) Performance capabilities

##### d) Flow meassures

##### e) Other non-foreseen issues

3.1.1.3. TWR-DEP is responsible for exercising the responsibilith of TWR-ARR when that position is unstaffed.

3.1.1.4. TWR-DEP assumes responsibility for GW and GE when required in accordance with LAI 5-8.

3.1.1.5. TWR-DEP is responsible for coordination with the relevant departure controller before departure of any given aircraft which:

##### a) Is IFR without an SID

##### b) Is IFR with a CFL lower than initial climb out of EKCH

3.1.1.6. TWR-DEP is responsible for correct coordination with other units as pr. LAI 4 of this collection

3.1.1.7. TWR-DEP is responsible for assuring adherance to automatic handover to K/R\_DE.

<details id="bkmrk-gm-to-3.1.1.7%28a%29-twr"><summary>GM to 3.1.1.7</summary>

(a) TWR-DEP should to greatest extent advocate for good airmanship by not describing frequencies to pilots, except when specifically prompted.

(b) TWR-DEP should preferibly add a greeting to a takeoff clearance to signify terminating communication e.g.

- "Bye", "Goodbye", "Have a nice flight", "See you next time" or similar

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">(c) TWR-DEP may choose to add "When Airborne contact departure" to pilots deemed not capable of knowing departure frequency. </span>

(d) Excact frequency should avoid being given if possible

(e) TWR-DEP should be familiar with Frequencies for Departure controllers EKCH\_R\_DEP and EKCH\_K\_DEP.

if in doubt, the freq. are shown here :  
  
[![DEP_FREKVENSER.png](https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2026-03/scaled-1680-/dep-frekvenser.png)](https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2026-03/dep-frekvenser.png)

</details>3.1.1.8. TWR-DEP is responsible for providing any non-standard frequencies for departing aircraft upon delivering takeoff clearance

<details id="bkmrk-gm-to-3.1.1.8%28a%29-non"><summary>GM to 3.1.1.8</summary>

(a) Non-standard handover include

(i) Copenhagen Control (ACC)

(ii) Departure not flying on SID

</details>### **3.2 Usage of FLIGHTSTRIPS**

NIL

## 4. TWR-ARR Responsibilities

### **4.1. General**

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">4.1.1.1. TWR-ARR (Normally known as EKCH\_A\_TWR) is responsible for all movements on the designated arrival runway. </span>

4.1.1.2. TWR-ARR is responsible for the initial portion of the inbound taxi-in clearance in accordance with the RIU described in LAI 5-8 of this collection

3.1.1.3. TWR-ARR is responsible for exercising the responsibilith of TWR-DEP when that position is unstaffed.

3.1.1.4. TWR-ARR assumes responsibility for GW and GE when required in accordance with LAI 5-8.

4.1.1.5. TWR-ARR is responsible for correct coordination with other units as pr. LAI 4 of this collection

4.1.1.6. TWR-ARR is responsible for coordinating Missed Approaches with the appropriate approach controller, as well as «Touch and Go» and «Low Passes» for IFR airplanes

### **4.2. Reduced separation Procedures (2,5 nm)**

4.2.1.1. Reduced separation Procedure may be activated by FINAL and allows FINAL to reduce separation to a minimum of 2,5 nm on final inside of 10nm of the ILS.

##### a) TWR-ARR is advised that Reduced Separation Procedures is in force and will advise planes to expedite vacating

##### b) No tailwind or extreme crosswind is observed on the approach

##### c) 22L or 04L must be the runway in use for landing

##### d) Departures are handled by a separate TWR controller

##### d) Wake turbulence separation minema are met

##### d) Breaking action GOOD or better.

### <span style="color: rgb(52, 73, 94); white-space: pre-wrap;">4.3. </span>**Usage of FLIGHTSTRIPS**

NIL

## 5. TWR-GW Responsibilities

### **5.1. General**

5.1.1.1. TWR-GW controls taxiing airplanes and is responsible for inbound and outbound feeding to correct holding points and feeder points for subsequent controllers.

5.1.1.2. TWR-GW will never issue takeoff or landing clearances. it serves only as manager in the movement area to:

##### a) Sequence Departures depending on CTOT, SID and other factors

##### b) Distribute arriving aircraft to the correct feeder points to Apron

##### c) Being the communicative link between Apron and the two Towers

### <span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">5.2. </span>**Cross Coupling**

5.2.1.1. TWR-GW will, in leau of TWR-GE being offline, automatically assume responsibility of both areas GROUND-WEST and GROUND-EAST, its frequencies, and area of responsibility.

5.2.1.2. The above restriction can be waived upon controller coordination as specified in LAI 3.

### <span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">5.3. </span>**Usage of FLIGHTSTRIPS**

NIL

## 6. TWR-GE Responsibilities

### **6.1. General**

6.1.1.1. TWR-GE controls taxiing airplanes and is responsible for inbound and outbound traffic via and on APRON EAST and APRON SOUTH.

6.1.1.2. GE may utilize Runway 12/30 in full, to taxi inbound and outbounds, provided coordination with TWR-EAST for crossings of Runway 22L/04R is respected.

### <span style="color: rgb(52, 73, 94); white-space: pre-wrap;">6.2. </span>**Cross Coupling**

5.2.1.1. TWR-GE, will in leau of TWR-GW being offline, automatically assume responsibility of both areas GROUND-WEST and GROUND-EAST, its frequencies, and area of responsibility.

5.2.1.2. The above restriction can be waived upon controller coordination as specified in LAI 3.

### <span style="color: rgb(52, 73, 94); white-space: pre-wrap;">6.3. </span>**Usage of FLIGHTSTRIPS**

NIL

## 7. VFR Flights

### **7.1. General**

#### **7.1.1. Flightpath**

7.1.1.1. VFR traffic can be instructed to follow ELLEHAMMER route if not going to airport.

7.1.1.2. If approach is planned to the airport the preferred routing is southern patterns to 04R/22L.

7.1.1.3. In case of high load of arrivals, it is allowable to use 04L/22R as desired.

7.1.1.4. TWR-ARR should generally be the one in control with VFR unless otherwise coordinated regardless of Runway configuration.

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">7.1.1.5. In case of 04R for VFR, TWR-ARR coordinates each pattern with TWR-DEP. This is because proper traffic information of arrivals is considered more important than unifying Rwy AOR. </span>

#### **7.1.2. Procedures**

7.1.2.1. Squawks are not required for flights within and outside of the Controlzone.

## 8. Helicopter procedures

8.1.1.1. Helicopters operations can be executed from EKCH or HEMS/Rigshospitalet. No other takeoff and landing area is permitted within Kastrup CTR for helicopters

8.1.1.2. Helocopters are allowed on all Runways, as long as a «Starting Distance» is declared (positions found in charts)

8.1.1.3. Start on Runway 30 may happen from G2 as well

8.1.1.4. Starts must generally be commenced in the direction of the Runway, however helicopter departures may depart from

##### a) Runway 22L, in direction 04

##### b) Runway 30, in direction 12

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">8.1.1.5. After departure all helicopters must pass 600’MSL before turning </span>

8.1.1.6. Landings on Rigshospitalet is outside of TWRs responsibility, and is therefore on the descretion of the pilot. An ATC clearance should though be obtained concerning direction and max altitude before the pilot departs from Rigshospitalet

## 9. Low Visibility Procedures procedures

<p class="callout info">For Low Visibility Procedures concerning APP Copenhagen, please refer to APP COPENHAGEN LAI 2 + LAI 3</p>

### **9.1. Implementation**

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">9.1.1.1. With visibility &lt;800m Low Visibility Procedures may be implemented </span><u>on descretion</u><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> of TWR-DEP/TWR-ARR</span>

9.1.1.2. Implementation must be communicated with APP Copenhagen, APRON and Pilots through ATIS NOTAMs

<details id="bkmrk-gm-to-9.1implementat"><summary>GM to 9.1</summary>

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Implementation of low visibility is a encouraged but voluntary procedure on VATSIM. </span>

<u><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Requirement </span></u>to implement Low Visibility Procedures (LVP) is only related to the RVR reported, not cloud base or meterological visibility

TWR-ARR may select to implement low visibility procedures earlier if needed due to inability of aircraft to execute CATI approach. This may be in circumstances of cloud base of Vertical visibility being less than 200ft (CAT I DA).

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">A pilot may always be allowed to execute a CATII or CATIII approach at descretion of pilots and communicated to approach, but may not have the critical safety areas assured as required during LVP ops. </span>

</details>### **9.2. Use of Ground Radar**

9.2.1.1. During utilization of LVP, Ground radar may not be used as the sole reference for takeoff and landings

9.2.1.2. In reference to point above, pilot reports are critical and should be requested in following circumstances

##### a) Report of Runway Vacated

##### b) Report of Rolling for departure

##### c) Report of passing taxiway points when condition requires as per.

### **9.3. Supplementary Procedures for RVR&lt;800m**

9.3.1.1. During utilization of LVP, landing clearance must be issued no later than 2nm before runway threshold. A failure to do this must result in execution of a missed approach.

9.3.1.2. Standard taxi routes are ammended so to all aircraft avoids taxiing on Runway 12/30 between B and 12 start. Reference LAI4 - Coordination Agreements for standard handover routes in LVP.

### **9.4. Supplementary Procedures for RVR&lt;400m**

9.4.1.1. When RVR &lt;400m supplementary procedures are in effect which imposes restrictions of taxi routes, as per Appendix A to Chapter 9.

9.4.1.2. Only one (1) aircraft may occupy each area at any time. an aircraft must have left one area before another aircraft may enter that area. This restriction shall lead to following considerations:

- - - Consider "long rollout" on Runway 04L to minimize time in area between RWY 12 and A7.
        - <span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Do NOT require pilots to vacate B4 in order to satisfy requirement when 22L is in use. Instead require to vacate B3 or later. </span>
        - RWY 12/30 between B and G2 are not allowed for taxi.
        - TWY B2 is not allowed for taxi

[![LVP (1).png](https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2026-04/scaled-1680-/lvp-1.png)](https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2026-04/scaled-1680-/lvp-1.png)

###   


[**APPENDIX 1 to CHAPTER 9 Low Visibility Procedures**](https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/attachments/519)

# 2

<p class="callout success">LAI concerning with AOR, Responsibilities and various procedures for sitting on Kastrup TWR position</p>

## 1. Controller Positions

1.1 Aerodrome controllers at Copenhagen Kastrup are split into four categories:

a) Tower  
b) Ground  
c) Apron  
d) Delivery

1.1.1 The Tower and Ground controllers sit in the upper cab of the tower, while the Apron and Delivery controllers sit in the lower cab.

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">1.1.2 All positions with callsign "Kastrup Tower" require the S2 rating. </span>

<table id="bkmrk-login-callsignradio-" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0.3em 0px 1.375em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variant-emoji: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-language-override: inherit; vertical-align: middle; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; min-width: 100%; max-width: 100%; hyphens: auto; table-layout: fixed; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><colgroup><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col></colgroup><tbody><tr style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><th style="background: rgb(26, 71, 95); box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-language-override: inherit; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 10px; overflow: auto; word-break: break-word; color: white;">**Login Callsign**

</th><th style="background: rgb(26, 71, 95); box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-language-override: inherit; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 10px; overflow: auto; word-break: break-word; color: white;">**Radio Callsign**

</th><th style="background: rgb(26, 71, 95); box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-language-override: inherit; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 10px; overflow: auto; word-break: break-word; color: white;">**Frequency**

</th><th style="background: rgb(26, 71, 95); box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-language-override: inherit; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 10px; overflow: auto; word-break: break-word; color: white;">**Position**

</th><th style="background: rgb(26, 71, 95); box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-language-override: inherit; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 10px; overflow: auto; word-break: break-word; color: white;">**Notes**

</th></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-language-override: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-language-override: inherit; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 10px; overflow: auto; word-break: break-word;">EKCH\_A\_TWR

</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-language-override: inherit; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 10px; overflow: auto; word-break: break-word;">Kastrup Tower

</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-language-override: inherit; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 10px; overflow: auto; word-break: break-word;">118.105

</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-language-override: inherit; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 10px; overflow: auto; word-break: break-word;">TWR<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">–</span>ARR

</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-language-override: inherit; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 10px; overflow: auto; word-break: break-word;"></td></tr><tr><td>EKCH\_D\_TWR

</td><td>Kastrup Tower

</td><td>119.355

</td><td>TWR<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">–</span>DEP

</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EKCH\_GW\_TWR

</td><td>Kastrup Tower

</td><td>118.580

</td><td>GND<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">–</span>W

</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EKCH\_GE\_TWR

</td><td>Kastrup Tower

</td><td>121.830

</td><td>GND<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">–</span>E

</td><td></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-language-override: inherit; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 10px; overflow: auto; word-break: break-word;">**EKCH\_A\_GND**

</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-language-override: inherit; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 10px; overflow: auto; word-break: break-word;">**Kastrup Apron**

</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-language-override: inherit; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 10px; overflow: auto; word-break: break-word;">**121.630**

</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-language-override: inherit; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 10px; overflow: auto; word-break: break-word;">**APN–ARR**

</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-language-override: inherit; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 10px; overflow: auto; word-break: break-word;"></td></tr><tr><td>EKCH\_B\_GND

</td><td>Kastrup Apron

</td><td>121.905

</td><td>APN<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">–</span>SEQ

</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EKCH\_C\_GND

</td><td>Kastrup Apron

</td><td>121.730

</td><td>APN<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">–</span>DEP

</td><td></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-language-override: inherit; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 10px; overflow: auto; word-break: break-word;">**EKCH\_DEL**

</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-language-override: inherit; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 10px; overflow: auto; word-break: break-word;"> **Kastrup Delivery**

</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-language-override: inherit; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 10px; overflow: auto; word-break: break-word;">**119.905**

</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-language-override: inherit; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 10px; overflow: auto; word-break: break-word;">**DEL**

</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-color: rgb(26, 71, 95); outline-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5rem; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.2; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-language-override: inherit; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 10px; overflow: auto; word-break: break-word;"></td></tr></tbody></table>

## 2. Area of Responsibility

### 1.1. Kastrup CTR

1.1.1.1. Kastrup Tower provides air traffic service in Kastrup CTR (GND-1500 ft). Kastrup CTR is Class D Airspace.

1.1.1.2. AREA KASTRUP (GND-1500 ft) located within Sweden FIR is a part of Kastrup CTR. The area is permanently delegated from Sweden FIR.

![AreasRIU.png](https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2023-10/scaled-1680-/DYYareasriu.png)### 1.2. Maneuvering Area

1.2.1.1. The maneuvering area is defined as the zone extending from the holding points of RWY 30 and RWY 22L, and includes all other runway holding points.

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">1.2.1.2. The maneuvering area is always controlled by a controller with callsign "KASTRUP TOWER". </span>

1.2.1.3. Areas are designated into GROUND areas and TOWER areas.

1.2.1.4. These areas are split into four physical areas of responsibility called:

- **Tower West (TW)**
- **Tower East (TE)**
- **Ground West (GW)**
- **Ground East (GE)**

[![Ground Movement Area (1).png](https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2026-06/scaled-1680-/ground-movement-area-1.png)](https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2026-05/ground-movement-area-1.png)

###  **1.3.**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>**Apron Area**

1.3.1.1. Four aprons in Copenhagen, defined as areas of the airport outside the movement area.

- **Apron North**
- **Apron East**
- **Apron South**
- **Apron West**

1.3.1.2. Apron East/South and West are under the control of GROUND EAST.

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">1.3.1.3. Apron North is under the control of KASTRUP APRON </span>

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">1.3.1.4. KASTRUP DELIVERY is supplying Clearance Delivery service for </span><u>**all**</u><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> aprons, unless otherwise coordinated. DEL does not supply ATC clearances for VFR traffic at holding points. </span>

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">1.3.1.4. KASTRUP APRON is supplying Start-up approval service for </span><u>**all**</u><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> aprons, unless otherwise coordinated.</span>

### **1.4. Upper Cab (S2 rating req.)**

#### **1.4.1. General**

1.4.1.1. Upper cab consist of four positions controlling the four different areas depending on Runway Configuration.

<table id="bkmrk-positionfrequencynor" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-width: medium; border-style: none; border-color: currentcolor; border-image: initial;"><colgroup><col style="width: 115.75pt;"></col><col style="width: 120.45pt;"></col><col style="width: 99.2pt;"></col><col style="width: 115.55pt;"></col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="background: rgb(26, 71, 95); width: 115.75pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;">**Position**

</td><td style="background: rgb(26, 71, 95); width: 120.45pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;">**Frequency**

</td><td style="background: rgb(26, 71, 95); width: 99.2pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;">**Norm. ES Identifier**

</td><td style="background: rgb(26, 71, 95); width: 115.55pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;">**Radio Callsign**

</td></tr><tr><td style="background: white; width: 115.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">TWR – DEP</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 120.45pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">119.355</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 99.2pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">EKCH\_D\_TWR</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 115.55pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">Kastrup Tower</span>

</td></tr><tr><td style="background: white; width: 115.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">TWR – ARR</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 120.45pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">118.105</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 99.2pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">EKCH\_A\_TWR</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 115.55pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">Kastrup Tower</span>

</td></tr><tr><td style="background: white; width: 115.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">TWR – GW</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 120.45pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">118.580</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 99.2pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">EKCH\_GW\_TWR</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 115.55pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">Kastrup Tower</span>

</td></tr><tr><td style="background: white; width: 115.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">TWR – GE</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 120.45pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;">121.830

</td><td style="background: white; width: 99.2pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;">EKCH\_GE\_TWR

</td><td style="background: white; width: 115.55pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">Kastrup Tower</span>

</td></tr><tr><td style="background: white; width: 115.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;">TWR - CO

</td><td colspan="3" style="background: white; width: 335.2pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">NOT IN USE</span>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

1.4.1.2. Areas TWR-EAST and TWR-WEST are not tied to a frequency and will be assigned to TWR-DEP and TWR-ARR depending on runway configuration as specified in LAI5-LAI8.

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">1.4.1.3. Areas GRUND EAST and GROUND WEST are generally tied to their respective frequencies. </span>

1.4.1.4. Position TWR-DEP and TWR-ARR are interchangable and will take over from eachother.

1.4.1.5. Position TWR-GW and TWR-GE are interchangable and will take over from eachother.

#### **1.4.2. Designation of repsonsibility**

1.4.2.1. Areas GROUND-WEST and GROUND-EAST, will generally be allocated to a GROUND controller.

1.4.2.2. Areas TWR-WEST and TWR-EAST, will always be allocated to a TOWER controller.

1.4.2.3. In case of no online TWR-GE or TWR-GW, TWR-EAST will assume responsibility of GROUND EAST

1.4.2.4. In case of no online TWR-GE or TWR-GW, TWR-**DEP** will assume responsibility of GROUND WEST, subject to coordination allowances of LAI 5-8.

<details id="bkmrk-gm-to-1.4.2%28a%29-ge-an"><summary>GM to 1.4.2</summary>

(a) GE and GW are GROUND areas, only responsible for taxiing aircraft to holding points and provide sequencing for departure and arrival. These areas will never inherit responsibility for takeoff and landings.

(b) TE and TW are TOWER areas, responsible for issuing takeoff and landing clearances.

(c) TE and TW are allowed to provide top-down coverage of GROUND areas when required due to offling GE+GW.

(d) GE and GW are NOT allowed to provide coverage for any TOWER area.

</details>####   


### **1.5. Lower Cab (S1 rating req.)**

#### **1.5.1. General**

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">1.5.1.1. Lower cab consist of four positions controlling APRON NORTH as well as Delivery and Start-up service. </span>

<table id="bkmrk-positionfrequencynor-1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: solid; border-spacing: 0px;"><colgroup><col style="width: 115.75pt;"></col><col style="width: 120.45pt;"></col><col style="width: 99.2pt;"></col><col style="width: 115.55pt;"></col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="background: rgb(26, 71, 95); width: 115.75pt; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;">**Position**

</td><td style="background: rgb(26, 71, 95); width: 120.45pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;">**Frequency**

</td><td style="background: rgb(26, 71, 95); width: 99.2pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;">**Norm. ES Identifier**

</td><td style="background: rgb(26, 71, 95); width: 115.55pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;">**Radio Callsign**

</td></tr><tr><td style="background: white; width: 115.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">CLR DEL</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 120.45pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">119.905</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 99.2pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">EKCH\_DEL</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 115.55pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">Kastrup Delivery</span>

</td></tr><tr><td style="background: white; width: 115.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">APRON (TAXI IN)</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 120.45pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">121.630</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 99.2pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">EKCH\_A\_GND</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 115.55pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">Kastrup Apron</span>

</td></tr><tr><td style="background: white; width: 115.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">APRON (STARTUP)</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 120.45pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">121.905</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 99.2pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">EKCH\_B\_GND</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 115.55pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">Kastrup Apron</span>

</td></tr><tr><td style="background: white; width: 115.75pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext; border-image: initial; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">APRON (OUT TAXI)</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 120.45pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">121.730</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 99.2pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">EKCH\_C\_GND</span>

</td><td style="background: white; width: 115.55pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; padding: 7.1pt 8.5pt;"><span style="color: black;">Kastrup Apron</span>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

## 2. Usage of Runways

### 2.1 Selection of Runway in Use

TWR-DEP and TWR-ARR shall select the appropriate Runway in use in relation to the meteorological conditions.

#### **2.1.1. Runway in use 0600-2300 CEST.**

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">2.1.1.1. Runway 04R/04L or Runway 22R/22L shall be selected as the primary runway configuration. Either Runway may accept up to a 5 knots tailwind component. </span>

2.1.1.2. In the case above, the right runway shall be used for takeoffs and the left one used for landings.

2.1.1.3. Runway 12/30 may only be selected as takeoff and landing runways if one of the following conditions are present:

- Crosswind Component greater that 15kts on any other runway
- RWYCC 4 or less on the main runways
- Snow removal
- NOTAMs or operational requirements as per operational bulletin

<details id="bkmrk-gm-to-2.1.1%28a%29-refer"><summary>GM to 2.1.1</summary>

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">(a) Reference Flightradar24 as well as METAR/TAF sources to select most suitable Runway in use. </span>

</details><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">2.2.1.4. Runway 30 may be used for landing without restriction as needed, but shall not be selected as a main runway. </span>

2.2.1.5. Runway 12/30 and the main runways may be used in conjunction with each other in accordance with the terms and configurations specified in LAI5-8.

#### **2.1.2. Runway in use 2300-0600 CEST.**

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">2.1.2.1. Runway 04R/04L or Runway 22L shall be selected as the primary runway configuration. Either Runway may accept up to a 5 knots tailwind component. </span>

2.1.1.2. In the case above, the 04R shall be used for takeoffs and Runway 04L shall be used for landings in an easterly configuration and Runway 22L shall be used for takeoff and landings in case of westerly configuration.

## **3. TWR-DEP Responsibilities**

### **3.1 General**

3.1.1.1. TWR-DEP (Normally known as EKCH\_D\_TWR) is responsible for all movements on the designated departure runway.

3.1.1.2. Issue correct amount of departure separation with regards to:

##### a) SIDs

##### b) Wake Turbulence

##### c) Performance capabilities

##### d) Flow meassures

##### e) Other non-foreseen issues

3.1.1.3. TWR-DEP is responsible for exercising the responsibilith of TWR-ARR when that position is unstaffed.

3.1.1.4. TWR-DEP assumes responsibility for GW and GE when required in accordance with LAI 5-8.

3.1.1.5. TWR-DEP is responsible for coordination with the relevant departure controller before departure of any given aircraft which:

##### a) Is IFR without an SID

##### b) Is IFR with a CFL lower than initial climb out of EKCH

3.1.1.6. TWR-DEP is responsible for correct coordination with other units as pr. LAI 4 of this collection

3.1.1.7. TWR-DEP is responsible for assuring adherance to automatic handover to K/R\_DE.

<details id="bkmrk-gm-to-3.1.1.7%28a%29-twr"><summary>GM to 3.1.1.7</summary>

(a) TWR-DEP should to greatest extent advocate for good airmanship by not describing frequencies to pilots, except when specifically prompted.

(b) TWR-DEP should preferibly add a greeting to a takeoff clearance to signify terminating communication e.g.

- "Bye", "Goodbye", "Have a nice flight", "See you next time" or similar

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">(c) TWR-DEP may choose to add "When Airborne contact departure" to pilots deemed not capable of knowing departure frequency. </span>

(d) Excact frequency should avoid being given if possible

(e) TWR-DEP should be familiar with Frequencies for Departure controllers EKCH\_R\_DEP and EKCH\_K\_DEP.

if in doubt, the freq. are shown here :  
  
[![DEP_FREKVENSER.png](https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2026-03/scaled-1680-/dep-frekvenser.png)](https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2026-03/dep-frekvenser.png)

</details>3.1.1.8. TWR-DEP is responsible for providing any non-standard frequencies for departing aircraft upon delivering takeoff clearance

<details id="bkmrk-gm-to-3.1.1.8%28a%29-non"><summary>GM to 3.1.1.8</summary>

(a) Non-standard handover include

(i) Copenhagen Control (ACC)

(ii) Departure not flying on SID

</details>### **3.2 Usage of FLIGHTSTRIPS**

NIL

## 4. TWR-ARR Responsibilities

### **4.1. General**

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">4.1.1.1. TWR-ARR (Normally known as EKCH\_A\_TWR) is responsible for all movements on the designated arrival runway. </span>

4.1.1.2. TWR-ARR is responsible for the initial portion of the inbound taxi-in clearance in accordance with the RIU described in LAI 5-8 of this collection

3.1.1.3. TWR-ARR is responsible for exercising the responsibilith of TWR-DEP when that position is unstaffed.

3.1.1.4. TWR-ARR assumes responsibility for GW and GE when required in accordance with LAI 5-8.

4.1.1.5. TWR-ARR is responsible for correct coordination with other units as pr. LAI 4 of this collection

4.1.1.6. TWR-ARR is responsible for coordinating Missed Approaches with the appropriate approach controller, as well as «Touch and Go» and «Low Passes» for IFR airplanes

### **4.2. Reduced separation Procedures (2,5 nm)**

4.2.1.1. Reduced separation Procedure may be activated by FINAL and allows FINAL to reduce separation to a minimum of 2,5 nm on final inside of 10nm of the ILS.

##### a) TWR-ARR is advised that Reduced Separation Procedures is in force and will advise planes to expedite vacating

##### b) No tailwind or extreme crosswind is observed on the approach

##### c) 22L or 04L must be the runway in use for landing

##### d) Departures are handled by a separate TWR controller

##### d) Wake turbulence separation minema are met

##### d) Breaking action GOOD or better.

### <span style="color: rgb(52, 73, 94); white-space: pre-wrap;">4.3. </span>**Usage of FLIGHTSTRIPS**

NIL

## 5. TWR-GW Responsibilities

### **5.1. General**

5.1.1.1. TWR-GW controls taxiing airplanes and is responsible for inbound and outbound feeding to correct holding points and feeder points for subsequent controllers.

5.1.1.2. TWR-GW will never issue takeoff or landing clearances. it serves only as manager in the movement area to:

##### a) Sequence Departures depending on CTOT, SID and other factors

##### b) Distribute arriving aircraft to the correct feeder points to Apron

##### c) Being the communicative link between Apron and the two Towers

### <span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">5.2. </span>**Cross Coupling**

5.2.1.1. TWR-GW will, in leau of TWR-GE being offline, automatically assume responsibility of both areas GROUND-WEST and GROUND-EAST, its frequencies, and area of responsibility.

5.2.1.2. The above restriction can be waived upon controller coordination as specified in LAI 3.

### <span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">5.3. </span>**Usage of FLIGHTSTRIPS**

NIL

## 6. TWR-GE Responsibilities

### **6.1. General**

6.1.1.1. TWR-GE controls taxiing airplanes and is responsible for inbound and outbound traffic via and on APRON EAST and APRON SOUTH.

6.1.1.2. GE may utilize Runway 12/30 in full, to taxi inbound and outbounds, provided coordination with TWR-EAST for crossings of Runway 22L/04R is respected.

### <span style="color: rgb(52, 73, 94); white-space: pre-wrap;">6.2. </span>**Cross Coupling**

5.2.1.1. TWR-GE, will in leau of TWR-GW being offline, automatically assume responsibility of both areas GROUND-WEST and GROUND-EAST, its frequencies, and area of responsibility.

5.2.1.2. The above restriction can be waived upon controller coordination as specified in LAI 3.

### <span style="color: rgb(52, 73, 94); white-space: pre-wrap;">6.3. </span>**Usage of FLIGHTSTRIPS**

NIL

## 7. VFR Flights

### **7.1. General**

#### **7.1.1. Flightpath**

7.1.1.1. VFR traffic can be instructed to follow ELLEHAMMER route if not going to airport.

7.1.1.2. If approach is planned to the airport the preferred routing is southern patterns to 04R/22L.

7.1.1.3. In case of high load of arrivals, it is allowable to use 04L/22R as desired.

7.1.1.4. TWR-ARR should generally be the one in control with VFR unless otherwise coordinated regardless of Runway configuration.

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">7.1.1.5. In case of 04R for VFR, TWR-ARR coordinates each pattern with TWR-DEP. This is because proper traffic information of arrivals is considered more important than unifying Rwy AOR. </span>

#### **7.1.2. Procedures**

7.1.2.1. Squawks are not required for flights within and outside of the Controlzone.

## 8. Helicopter procedures

8.1.1.1. Helicopters operations can be executed from EKCH or HEMS/Rigshospitalet. No other takeoff and landing area is permitted within Kastrup CTR for helicopters

8.1.1.2. Helocopters are allowed on all Runways, as long as a «Starting Distance» is declared (positions found in charts)

8.1.1.3. Start on Runway 30 may happen from G2 as well

8.1.1.4. Starts must generally be commenced in the direction of the Runway, however helicopter departures may depart from

##### a) Runway 22L, in direction 04

##### b) Runway 30, in direction 12

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">8.1.1.5. After departure all helicopters must pass 600’MSL before turning </span>

8.1.1.6. Landings on Rigshospitalet is outside of TWRs responsibility, and is therefore on the descretion of the pilot. An ATC clearance should though be obtained concerning direction and max altitude before the pilot departs from Rigshospitalet

## 9. Low Visibility Procedures procedures

<p class="callout info">For Low Visibility Procedures concerning APP Copenhagen, please refer to APP COPENHAGEN LAI 2 + LAI 3</p>

### **9.1. Implementation**

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">9.1.1.1. With visibility &lt;800m Low Visibility Procedures may be implemented </span><u>on descretion</u><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> of TWR-DEP/TWR-ARR</span>

9.1.1.2. Implementation must be communicated with APP Copenhagen, APRON and Pilots through ATIS NOTAMs

<details id="bkmrk-gm-to-9.1implementat"><summary>GM to 9.1</summary>

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Implementation of low visibility is a encouraged but voluntary procedure on VATSIM. </span>

<u><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Requirement </span></u>to implement Low Visibility Procedures (LVP) is only related to the RVR reported, not cloud base or meterological visibility

TWR-ARR may select to implement low visibility procedures earlier if needed due to inability of aircraft to execute CATI approach. This may be in circumstances of cloud base of Vertical visibility being less than 200ft (CAT I DA).

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">A pilot may always be allowed to execute a CATII or CATIII approach at descretion of pilots and communicated to approach, but may not have the critical safety areas assured as required during LVP ops. </span>

</details>### **9.2. Use of Ground Radar**

9.2.1.1. During utilization of LVP, Ground radar may not be used as the sole reference for takeoff and landings

9.2.1.2. In reference to point above, pilot reports are critical and should be requested in following circumstances

##### a) Report of Runway Vacated

##### b) Report of Rolling for departure

##### c) Report of passing taxiway points when condition requires as per.

### **9.3. Supplementary Procedures for RVR&lt;800m**

9.3.1.1. During utilization of LVP, landing clearance must be issued no later than 2nm before runway threshold. A failure to do this must result in execution of a missed approach.

9.3.1.2. Standard taxi routes are ammended so to all aircraft avoids taxiing on Runway 12/30 between B and 12 start. Reference LAI4 - Coordination Agreements for standard handover routes in LVP.

### **9.4. Supplementary Procedures for RVR&lt;400m**

9.4.1.1. When RVR &lt;400m supplementary procedures are in effect which imposes restrictions of taxi routes, as per Appendix A to Chapter 9.

9.4.1.2. Only one (1) aircraft may occupy each area at any time. an aircraft must have left one area before another aircraft may enter that area. This restriction shall lead to following considerations:

- - - Consider "long rollout" on Runway 04L to minimize time in area between RWY 12 and A7.
        - <span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Do NOT require pilots to vacate B4 in order to satisfy requirement when 22L is in use. Instead require to vacate B3 or later. </span>
        - RWY 12/30 between B and G2 are not allowed for taxi.
        - TWY B2 is not allowed for taxi

[![LVP (1).png](https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2026-04/scaled-1680-/lvp-1.png)](https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2026-04/scaled-1680-/lvp-1.png)

###   


[**APPENDIX 1 to CHAPTER 9 Low Visibility Procedures**](https://wiki.vatsim-scandinavia.org/attachments/519)